Ontario and Quebec — home to more than half of Canada's population, Canada's two official languages, and major economic and cultural centres.
Ontario and Quebec together are home to more than half of all Canadians. They form the economic and cultural heartland of the country.
**Quebec**
• Canada's largest province by area; second-largest by population
• Capital: Quebec City — a UNESCO World Heritage Site; the only walled city north of Mexico
• Largest city: Montreal — Canada's second-largest city and a major cultural centre
• About 80% of Quebec's population speaks French
• The Quiet Revolution (1960s) transformed Quebec society
• Known for poutine, hockey, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and Cirque du Soleil
**Ontario**
• Canada's most populous province — home to about 14 million people
• Capital: Toronto — Canada's largest city and financial capital
• Ottawa is located in Ontario and is Canada's national capital
• The Niagara Falls straddles the Ontario-New York border
• Home to the CN Tower, one of the world's tallest free-standing structures
• Industrial heartland: manufacturing, finance, technology
Key facts for the citizenship test
01 — Central Canada Overview
02 — Quebec
The House of Commons recognized in 2006 that the Québécois form "a nation within a united Canada."
03 — Ontario
"Peace, Order, and Good Government" — the phrase from the 1867 Constitution — was the founding commitment of Canada's leaders in Ontario and Quebec.
04 — Ottawa — The National Capital
Frequently asked questions — Central Canada
Test yourself on Central Canada
Practice questions for the Canadian citizenship test — free, no card needed.